Bottled water has become a staple for many, with 5% of Americans relying on it for most of their hydration and only 10% drinking exclusively tap water. Yet, experts argue that this preference might not be as beneficial as commonly believed. A recent commentary published in BMJ Global Health highlights concerns about the health and environmental impacts of bottled water. While it’s crucial in areas lacking safe drinking water, its widespread use elsewhere may expose people to harmful contaminants.
What’s Inside Bottled Water?
The commentary, authored by researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, reveals alarming contamination levels in bottled water. Studies show that between 10% and 78% of bottled water samples contain substances potentially harmful to health. Here’s a breakdown of the primary contaminants:
Microplastics
Recent studies have shown that bottled water can contain up to 100 times more nanoplastics than previously thought. These tiny plastic particles are not just a concern for the environment; they’ve been found in human bodies, where they may cause inflammation, disrupt metabolism, and even contribute to diseases like Parkinson’s. Rolf Halden, director of the Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering at Arizona State University, notes that most plastic bottles end up in the environment, where they break down into microplastics, further exacerbating global pollution and health risks.
Phthalates
Used to make plastics flexible and durable, phthalates are found in many products, including bottled water. They are known as “endocrine disruptors” because they interfere with hormone regulation. Studies have linked phthalates to reproductive issues, lower IQ in children, and metabolic disorders.
PFAS
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called “forever chemicals,” are used in various products for their heat-resistant properties. These chemicals can persist in the environment for centuries and take years to leave the human body. High PFAS levels are associated with higher cholesterol, liver changes, and an increased risk of cancers such as testicular and kidney cancer.
BPA
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to make food packaging more durable. Like phthalates, BPA disrupts hormonal balance and has been linked to infertility, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancers of the breast and prostate. Despite these concerns, the FDA considers BPA levels in food packaging safe, a position reaffirmed after a four-year review.
The Health Debate: Bottled vs. Tap Water
In most developed countries, tap water is more strictly regulated and frequently tested than bottled water. However, marketing often portrays bottled water as a purer, healthier option. This perception, combined with the added flavors and carbonation in some bottled waters, has led many to prefer it over tap water. Environmental law expert James Salzman points out that this puts flavored bottled water in the same category as sugary drinks, which are also sold in plastic containers. He questions why there isn’t the same level of concern about plastic contamination from these beverages.
When Bottled Water Might Be Necessary
There are situations where bottled water is safer. For example, in areas with known water contamination, such as Flint, Michigan, or places near industrial plants, bottled water may be a safer choice. However, for most Americans, tap water is generally safe and offers a more environmentally friendly option.
The Environmental Impact
Beyond personal health, bottled water has significant environmental repercussions. The production, transportation, and disposal of plastic bottles contribute to pollution and waste. Most plastic bottles end up in landfills or the environment, breaking down into microplastics that contaminate ecosystems and enter the food chain. Choosing tap water and reusable containers can significantly reduce this impact.
Conclusion
While bottled water remains essential in areas without safe drinking water, most people in developed countries can safely rely on tap water. By understanding the risks associated with bottled water and making informed choices, individuals can protect their health and the environment.
Safer Ways to Stay Hydrated
For those concerned about the potential health risks of bottled water, there are safer alternatives:
- Tap Water in Reusable Containers: If your local water supply is safe, using tap water in a glass or stainless steel bottle is the best option. Avoid metal bottles containing lead, and choose brands known for safety, like Thermos.
- High-Quality Plastic Bottles: Single-use bottles made from thicker plastics may have fewer health effects. Look for the recycling number on the bottle – lower numbers indicate higher-quality plastic.
- Disposable Plastic Bottles and Jugs: These should be used sparingly and never reused, as they degrade over time. Avoid storing them in hot environments to prevent chemical leaching, and replace them periodically to minimize risks.
The Best Way
For those living in areas with questionable tap water quality, reverse osmosis systems can provide an effective solution. These systems remove a wide range of contaminants, including microplastics, PFAS, and heavy metals. Whole-home water conditioners can also improve water quality by reducing hardness and preventing scale build-up in plumbing. Investing in these systems offers a safer, long-term alternative to relying on bottled water.
Source: Yahoo